The rapid development has a significant impact on the learning environment. On the other hand, the distributed learning environment is usually used in distanced learning, which focus on asynchronous self-paced learning and learning-material is the key component. Taking the university education as an example, the face-to-face learning environment is used in a teach-directed synchronous environment where the interpersonal interaction is a key component. Traditionally, distributed learning is used as an expansion to the face-to-face learning. Therefore, they are used to address the needs of different audiences (Graham, 2005). In the past, these two environments are separated because they use different media/method combinations. On the other hand, the rapid development of technologies provides distributed learning environment as an alternative. The traditional face-to-face learning environment has been used for centuries. Hybrid learning is the convergence of two representative learning environments. Hybrid learning is to combine face-to-face instruction with computer-assisted instruction (Graham, 2005 Graham & Allen, 2005). Teaching and learning computer programming has created significant difficulties to both teacher and student. The teachers do not have enough time to interact with all students in a class of hundreds of students within a few hours of lectures and tutorials each week. It is difficult to closely monitor individual student’s learning progress. Large class size is one of the major barriers to effective instruction. A number of challenges have been identified for both teaching and learning programming (Sleeman, 1986).Ī programming course typically has a large class size. Learning computer programming has been known to be difficult for high-school and university students (Boulay, 1989), and has failed to catalyze the development of higher order thinking skills (Mason, 1999). It is commonly believed that the students would develop their general problem-solving skills through learning programming. Computer programming is an essential fundamental skill required in many curriculums for higher education nowadays.
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